Candide By Voltaire Essays (1407 words) - Picaresque Novels

Candide By Voltaire Voltaire's Candide is a novel which contains conceptual ideas and at the same time is also exaggerated. Voltaire offers sad themes disguised by jokes and witticism, and the story itself presents a distinctive outlook on life. The crucial contrast in the story deals with irrational ideas as taught to Candide about being optimistic, versus reality as viewed by the rest of the world. The main theme which is presented throughout the novel is optimism. Out of every unfortunate situation in the story, Candide, the main character, has been advised by his philosopher-teacher that everything in the world happens for the better, because "Private misfortunes contribute to the general good, so that the more private misfortunes there are, the more we find that all is well" (Voltaire, p. 31). Pangloss, the philosopher, tries to defend his theories by determining the positive from the negative situations and by showing that misfortunes bring some privileges. As Candide grows up, whenever something unfortunate happens, Pangloss would turn the situation around, bringing out the good in it. Candide learns that optimism is "The passion for maintaining that all is right when all goes wrong " (Voltaire, p.86). According to Rene Pomeau, "Voltaire-Candide...have made him [Candide] acquainted with the bad and the good side of human existence. The moral of Candide is born out of its style; it is the art of extracting happiness from the desolate hopping-about of the human insect" (Adams; Pomeau p.137). Pomeau explains that Candide shows both sides of humanity; how both great and terrible events are standard in a human life. Also according to Pomeau, the whole point of the story is to debate between good and bad; for example, as Candide becomes more independent, he starts to doubt that only good comes out of life. Pangloss is a very hopeful character in the story because he refuses to accept bad. He is also somewhat naive and believes that he could make the world a better place by spreading his theories on optimism. When Candide had met up with Pangloss after a long period of time, Pangloss said that he was almost hanged, then dissected, then beaten. Candide asked the philosopher if he still thought that everything was for the better, and Pangloss replied that he still held his original views. No matter how little Pangloss believed in the fact that somehow everything would turn out well, he still maintained his original views. Voltaire exaggerates his point on optimism; there is nobody in reality who is positive about everything all the time, especially about something so horrible. One could conclude that Pangloss is an irrational and inane figure, and Voltaire tries to expose how incomprehensible his beliefs are which do not measure up to reality. According to Linguet, "Candide offers us the saddest of themes disguised under the merriest of jokes" (Adams; Wade p. 144). It seems as if Candide was written as a comedy; not because of humor, but because every time something bad occurs, a quick turn of events happens which bring everything back to normal. One moment Candide murders the brother of the woman he loves, the next moment he travels to a land where he sees women mating with monkeys. In instances like these, it doesn't seem like Voltaire is serious about tragic events. During the course of Candide's journey, an earthquake strikes, murdering thirty thousand men, women, and children. In reality, this is a horrible predicament to be involved with. In Pangloss' world, " It is impossible for things not to be where they are, because everything is for the best" (Voltaire, p. 35), meaning that the earthquake was necessary in the course of nature, and so there was definitely a rationale for the situation. To show contrast in the story, Voltaire introduces a character whose beliefs are completely opposite than the beliefs of Pangloss. This character is Martin, a friend and advisor of Candide who he meets on his journey. Martin is also a scholar, and a spokesman for pessimism. Martin continuously tries to prove to Candide that there is little virtue, morality, and happiness in the world. When a cheerful couple are seen walking and singing, Candide tells Martin "At least you must admit that these people are happy. Until now, I have not found in the whole inhabited earth...anything but miserable people. But this girl and this monk, I'd be willing to bet, are very happy creatures" (Voltaire, p. 58). "I'll bet they aren't" (Voltaire p. 58), replies Martin, and he bets Candide that the couple are, in fact, depressed, and

buy custom Technology, Innovation and the Road Ahead essay

buy custom Technology, Innovation and the Road Ahead essay In the recent past, technological advancements have led to the increased manufacture and usage of electronic equipment. Central to this technological advancement is the need to convey information from a source to a particular destination. The ultimate electronic device for this is the computer. For this reason, the computer has been used in various fields like medicine, engineering, statistics, astronomy, banking, aviation and virtually any other profession. With the discovery and intense usage of the internet which is basically an interconnection of computers, the computer has become even more useful as a source of invaluable information (Rajasingham, and Tiffin, 2004, p.56). The personal desktop computer commonly known as the pc is now a more common phenomenon is homes and offices. Even more portable and handy is the laptop computer which can be carried anywhere. The computer has thus not only gained substantial usage in the professional world but also in family, personal and socia l life. The virtual world concept is a term associated with the use of computers and refers to the operations in the computing world which are parallel to the real world. Perspective into Technological Advancement The Past Over the past 100 years the development of the Milling Machine has single handedly changed the way all machine shops produce their products. The milling machine drastically improved employee production and quality, which ultimately allowed for the reduction in the number of employees needed. Furthermore, the development of computer aided design and programming in CNC machines has altered the needed skill-set of the miller. Further advances in the capabilities of machining technologies have increased the effectiveness of the worker. Alternatively, advances have not come without the inevitable argument of the reduction of the work force due to the advancement in machining technology. The Bridgeport Lathe and the CNC machine have led the revolution in the area and this paper will discuss the history and impact these two instruments have made in the milling profession. The milling machine is one of the most useful machines in the industrial processes, due to its desirable versatility character (Inside Woodworking). This machine has a rotating drilling system that is very suitable for cutting metallic and wooden materials. The modern milling machine traces its originality from the nineteenth century, when it was first designed as a crude device of cutting wood (Inside Woodworking). The industrial revolution in the later years of the nineteenth century made it incredibly important for the milling machine to develop as a tool for cutting both wood and metal (Inside Woodworking). Metal became the major raw material in the cottage industries. This urged the artisans to model this machine in a way that metal ores could be reshaped into reasonable sizes and shapes for industrial use (Inside Woodworking). The Present The issue of technology on the growth of the milling machine is a multifaceted phenomenon. There are various ways in which technological advanement improve the operation of the milling machine. By the use of suitable attachments, this machine is equipped with various capabilities to accomplish many activities in the industries (Krar et al 10). The milling machine can drill, ream, bore, spot face and produce grooved and flat surfaces (Krar et al 10). However, there are the specific technologies that have enabled the efficient transformation of the milling machines from the traditional to technological form. The development of technologies such as the Computer Numerical Control, the Computer Aided Manufacturing and Distributive Numerical Control has improved the performance of the milling machines (Lynch). The Computer Numerical Control technology has replaced the manual intervention in the manufacturing processes, and milling has realized success as a result (Lynch). The introduction of this technological stride has revolutionized a horde of machining systems in the history of large scale manufacturing. This has improved the quality of the manufactured products (Krar et al 12). The CNC technology provides a programmed system that automatically controls the milling machine for accurate positioning of materials (Lynch). The CNC enabled milling machines require minimal manual control, since the program can switch the machine on and off, in addition to monitoring all the specifications required for its operation (Lynch). This has greatly reduced labor cost for the manufacturing processes and enabled the production of quality items. The CNC milling machines have a programmed motion control, spindle activation and the speed regulator, which makes the entire milling process a smooth activity (Lynch). Another technology that has been involved in industrial revolution in milling machines is the Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). This technology promotes the accurate control of milling process in the industries, by designing and testing the production of new products (Krar et al 12). The CAM system is more complex, and it solves the inability of the CNC technology to handle complicated programs (Lynch). The CAM is a program that is used in computer terminals to help in CNC programming (Lynch). The CAM system is simultaneously implemented with the Computer Aided Design, which outlines the nature of the operation to be executed by the milling machine (Lynch). Thus, the CNC program has an easier task of just controlling the operation of the actual machine in the milling process (Lynch). This computer program makes the manufacturing process easier and pleasant, though the complete system of the programs is capital intensive. This has improved industrial processes in the world. The airplane manufacturers are using the milling machine in more sophisticated methods in several activities. This has been very useful to aerospace industries. The Pilatus Aircraft Limited is one firm that has become a highly productive manufacturing centre due to the use of technologically modified milling machines (Manganelli 3). This Company specializes in the manufacture of trainer aircrafts, and it has grown at a high rate because of using modernized milling machines (Manganelli 3). For example, the recent development of the SCIROCCO milling machine has seen a rapid growth in the manufacturing of the curved aircraft parts (Manganelli 3). This machine usees extremely accurate coordinate-measuring techniques, and it allows a two directional link between the Computer Aided Design and the Coordinate Measuring Machines (Manganelli 3). The use of the milling machine has also helped this company to manufacture complex contoured surfaces using the Curves and Surfaces trade, a program that offers the method of generating these surfaces (Manganelli 3). Thus, by using the various features of the technologically developed milling machines, production will increase in the aircraft industry. A look into the future It is therefore apparent that the world today is forging towards a computer intense future. Indeed, it can be said that in the future, most of us will increasingly use the virtual world of computers for entertainment, friendship and source of instruction (Ryan, 2000, p.71). This will be a good thing. The main advantage to as alluded to previously is the simplification of tasks. Moreover, the computer has the ability to perform functions with phenomenal speed. This saves time especially in a future which is abuzz with activity. It also pools different resources together acting as an all in one tool. Additionally, reliability and effectiveness in the transfer of information are promoted with the use of computers as opposed to conventional ways say of sending information. All these benefits are derived within a cost effective framework which makes the computers even more advantageous. However, there is a downside to this as several demerits of computer use have been reported (Danaher 2004, p.90). As a source of instruction, the internet has been said to be unreliable. In addition, the vastness of the internet makes it hard to filter the information provided thereof. In entertainment, the internet has been said to be a source of moral erosion and a threat to family values and norms due to the uncontrolled nature and consequent influence of the media thereof. The virtual world of computing has substituted reality in social relationships leading to such personalities as antisocial behaviours (Earnshaw 2001, p. 27). Criminal activities like fraud have been reported due to the imperson al nature of this technology. However, various measures have been taken in the control of these demerits mainly by instituting legal frameworks which seek to mitigate the harmful effects that this technology is perceived to have. In light of this, it can be said that it is not only good but desirable to have a future whose activities are enhanced by computer technology. Conclusion In conclusion therefore, it can be confidently said that that the increased use of computers for instruction, entertainment and friendship in future will be a good thing. However, the adverse effects of this use should be noted and avoided. The concept of a virtual world should be embraced in moderation, making sure to keep in touch with reality and thus enhancing basic values in the society. Speed, efficiency, reliability, effectiveness and simplification of the required tasks are some of the benefits of computers. These benefits are phenomenal and thus with the right control of the risks and demerits involved, the virtual world of computing becomes even better with time. Buy custom Technology, Innovation and the Road Ahead essay

Sociology of the Work Place Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Sociology of the Work Place - Research Proposal Example The largest segments of the population engaging in such marginal labor are the working poor, recent immigrants legal and illegal and/or ethnic minorities with/without educational credentials from third world countries whose education is not usually recognized by developed countries' formal educational and social institutions. Four ways in which marginal jobs deviate from the norms of regular expected work are important to consider. Within a regular recognized work force, there are norms that are universally accepted. It is important to understand what these norms are since they shed light on the differences in the marginal or informal labor force. According to sociologists in the field, work relationships in the regular work force, are characterized by roles, expectations, and obligations of employees and responsibilities of workers and bosses to each other (Kendall, 2003; Hodson & Sullivan, 2008; Wharton, 2006). There are also four main characteristics of regular jobs are also characterized by a) job content which is legal, b) the job should be relatively stable, c) the job should be institutionally stable, and d) the job should provide adequate wages and hours so that the worker may be able to sustain an adequate living. For jobs that are considered marginal one must first define the social norms of th at society as well as the historical time frame in order to understand the boundaries between formal and informal or marginal and regular labor. For instance, historical time period and culture or religion may affect how individuals and groups set up the boundaries between regular work and marginal work. Kendall (2003) cites the prohibition and illegal work as contemporary drug dealing as examples. Today prohibition of alcohol is not an issue but drug dealing still remains a marginal profession similar to prostitution. In countries such as Holland or Saudi Arabia there are very different norms and rules regulating these types of occupations. Sociologists of work commonly agree that individuals are commonly recruited into marginal forms of labor due to their inability to enter the regular workforce (Kendall, 2003; Hodson & Sullivan, 2008; Wharton, 2006).

Exam3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam3 - Essay Example In the 1820s and the 1830s, the scenario was not about excessive trusts running monopolies like the Rockefellers and the other robber barons, or scandals of hedge funds and financial markets like recently witnessed. The 1820s and 1830s were times of excessive banking operations that were thought to stifle the welfare of the ordinary citizen who did not have meaningful financial enlightenment and economic power. Jacksonians therefore viewed themselves as breaking the mighty alliance created by the Federal Bank and the Second Bank of the United States with their massive powers over the economy. The struggle was provoked by the recognition among elites that foreign money from European Jewish investors would give such foreigners excessive power over the very government and the Jacksonians successfully affected a redress. The Jacksonians therefore believed in expanded suffrage, manifest destiny by enriching the whites, patronage of elected officials appointing their supporters to positions and strict constitutionalism to avoid the meddle of the private institutions encroachment of state sovereignty. They believed thus in laissez-faire economics so that individuals would channel their destinies. Jacksonians reviled the centralization of political and economic power in the state. The central government was seen as the enemy of individual liberties and they effectively initiated reforms in the Democratic Party to make useful changes. 2. Use TWO of the following categories to analyze the ways in which African Americans created a distinctive culture in slavery: Family, Music, Oral traditions, Religions. African Americans created distinctive slave cultures due to the conditioning they received from their masters. The interactions between masters and slaves was characterised by indoctrination and Christianization. Whereas the slave always viewed his master as a monarch, their languishing in helplessness would only intensify their quest for spiritual redemption in

Apply The Prescribed Ethical Decimation Making Model (P.30 ) Using The Essay - 1

Apply The Prescribed Ethical Decimation Making Model (P.30 ) Using The case the Torture in Iraq - Essay Example However, the issue of torture has in recent times, enthused debate surrounding the interrogation methods used by the United States. In 2003, the entire world was shocked by numerous snapshots of prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. The photos were taken by U.S. soldiers using cell phones and digital cameras, and showed detainees subjected to harsh and humiliating treatment by the U.S. troops. For instance, one photo portrayed a handcuffed, horrified prisoner accosted by a snarling military dog straining to break loose from its leash. Other photos showed nude prisoners forced to lie on top of each other in a stack or to act out sexual deeds. Numerous pictures displayed nude, hooded inmates manacled in painful conditions to beds and cell bars. In other photos, some inmates had bleeding wounds; others seemed to have wires attached to their bodies However, what was more shocking or disturbing is that, some of the photos displayed soldiers (both males and females) posing next to the maltreated prisoners, smiling, seeming to sadistically enjoy the abuse. In their response to the public outcry generated by the pictures, soldiers clarified that they had been given orders to â€Å"soften up† the detainees for more methodical interrogation there can be little doubt that the prisoner abuses at Abu Ghraib and some of the interrogation techniques used by the United States qualify as torture by the standards of international law. As it has been outlined above, torture is unethical and governments and it personnel refrain from. In order to clearly understand the ethics behind it this paper is going to focus on a case study, The Torture in Iraq, moreover, this paper is going to dwell on the prescribed ethical decimation making model as proposed by terry Cooper in his book, the Responsible Administrator: An Approach to Ethics for the

Definition Of Food Advertising Marketing Essay

Definition Of Food Advertising Marketing Essay Advertising which is one type of marketing activity (McCall KL, 2003). Besides that, based on (Chris Fill, 2006) mention that no matter on international, national, local or direct basis, is important, because it can affect audiences by informing or reminding them of the existence and awareness of a brand, or alternatively by persuading or helping them differentiate a product or organization and comparison from others competitors in the market. The media usually used by food advertisers and marketer, Television which the largest single source of channel that promo food messages to children (Gallo AE, 1999). Television viewing starts from young, US children around the ages of 2 to 4 years normally view 2 hours of television daily; this increases to more than 3.5 hours near the end of primary school, then decrease to around 2.75 hours in late adolescence (Roberts DF, Foehr UG, Rideont VJ, Brodie M, 1999). US children who in low-income families and fewer youth tend more like to watch television (Roberts DF, Foehr UG, Rideont VJ, Brodie M, 1999; Gentile DA, Walsh DA, 2002). Therefore, Food is very often advertised product category on US childrens television and food advertise account for more than 50% of all advertise are targeting children (Gamble M, Cotunga N, 1999; Kotz K, Story M, 1994; Coon KA, Tucker KL, 2002; Taras HL, Gage M, 1995 ). Internet US Census data shows that the year between 1998 and 2001 was increase from 51% to 75% of US adolescents (ages 14-17 years) are using the Internet and increase from 39% to 65% of US children (ages 10-13 years) are online (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002). The 2001 US Census data shows that half (51%) of US children around 10 to 13 years old and 61% of those who around 14 to 17 years old have Internet access at home (Montgomery D, Pasnik S, 1996). Therefore, Advertisers and marketers have start use different kinds of new interactive advertising and marketing techniques to target the rapidly growing number of US children online (Montgomery D, Pasnik S, 1996).The way to advertising and marketing on the Web is not similar significantly from television commercials. Advertisers and marketer able pass thought the special feature of the Internet to seamlessly integrate advertising and Web site content (Montgomery KC, 2001). Great majority of the big companies will created their own websites, and designed as branded environments for children, the purpose is to advertise and market to children (Montgomery KC, 2000, 2001). For example, Burger king food company website (http://www.burgerking.com) their provide Games, toys, tunes, and other downloads to promoted alongside for their food items. These is under Big Kids Club which is link on the home page, where encouraged 4 to 12 year old to join club members (Story and French International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2004). 2.4 Food Advertising Influence to Children Eating Preferences Nowadays, more and more people attract important that Advertising which aimed at children (Keane and Willetts, 1994; Moore and Moschis, 1983; Moschis et al., 1980). Because no other agent of consumer socialisation has received more attention than the mass media (Moschis, 1987, p. 121). There is a large amount of scholarly research in the area that focuses mainly on two dimensions of media that confers affect upon children, namely, advertising and editorial/programming content, especially intend to promote young people about products and encourage them to purchase (Ward and Wackman, 1973; Clancy-Hepburn et al., 1974; Galst and White, 1976; Gorn and Goldberg, 1982; Woodward et al., 1997; OGuinn and Shrum, 1997). Approximately, 11 of 19 commercials per hour were for food. Those advertises occupy 246 (44%) to promoted the kind of fats and sweets food, such as candy, soft drinks, chips, cakes, cookies and pastries. Fast-food restaurant advertising was very frequently, which stand of 11% of total food advertisements. The most often advertised food product was high sugar breakfast cereal. And there were no fruits or vegetables on advertisements. Also by indicate evidence of other studies that advertises on US childrens television are majority on high in sugar and fat food, it was very field to fruits or vegetable (Gamble M, Cotunga N, 1999; Coon KA, Tucker KL, 2002; Taras HL, Gage M, 1995; Morton H, 1984; Dibb S, Harris L, 1996; Lewis MK, Hill AJ, 1998; Chestnutt IG, Ashraf FJ, 2002; Byrd-Bredbenner C, Grasso D, 2000) More and more TV viewing in children and/or adolescents is associated with decrease fruit and vegetable consumption (Ortega, RM, Andrà ©s, P, Requejo, AM, Là ³pez-Sobaler, AM, Redondo, MR Gonzà ¡lez-Fernà ¡ndez, M, 1996; Lowry, R, Wechsler, H, Galuska, DA, Fulton, JE Kann, K, 2002; Boynton-Jarrett, R, Thomas, TN, Peterson, KE, Wiecha, J, Sobol, AM Gortmarker, SL, 2003; Matheson, DM, Killen, JD, Wany, Y, Varadt, A Robinson, T, 2004), more snacking (Francis, LA, Lee, Y Birch, LL, 2003; Snoek, HM, Van Strien, T, Janssens, JMAM Engels, RCME, 2006) and add more intake non healthy foods and taking less healthy foods (Woodward, DR, Cummings, FJ, Ball, PJ, Williams, HM, Hornsby, H Boon, JA, 1997) 2.5 Food Advertising Influence of children healthy It is very importance whether food products of marketing and advertising for youth-targeted has any impact on childrens food behaviours or body weight (Coon KA, Tucker KL, 2002). From the research evidence indicate that preschoolers and grade school childrens food habit and food purchase more on high sugar and high fat food are affected by television exposure to food advertising. (Isler L, Popper HT, Ward S, 1987; Coon KA, Tucker KL, 2002; Horgan KB, Choate M, Brownell KD, 2001; Taras HL, Sallis JF, Patterson TL, Nader PR, Nelson JA, 1989; Borzekowski DL, Robinson TN, 2001). On the other hand, a new WHO/FAO consultation shows the report on diet and prevention of chronic diseases investigated the evidence showing the hazard of developing obesity by dietary and lifestyle factors (Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003). Under scientific strong evidence Diet and lifestyle factors can be categorized on four levels of evidence: convincing, probable, possible and insufficient. The report indicate that even the evidence shows heavy marketing of fast food outlets and energy-dense, micronutrient-poor food and beverages to children causes obesity is equivocal, enough indirect evidence to place this fulfil in the probable category for increasing hazard of obesity (Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003). 2.6 Children Preferences Influence to Family Consumption Children strong affect how the family functions-in terms of relationships, employment, and purchases-and their affect is changing family consumption throughout much of the world (Blackwell, miniard, engel, 2006) studies based on Canadian data shows that young children depreciate parents participation in the; labor force, it will influence how families spend their money, and lower the amount of time and money available for leisure (RoBert E.Wilkes, 1975) Has a huge influence on children to make purchase decision involving products for their own use (Chankon Kim and Hanjoon Lee, 1997), In addition their also influence over parental spending when they request particular products and brands (Blackwell, miniard, engel, 2006). Not only do Children affect choices, but they also are used family money and their own to purchases. Just like a cycle, children influences family spending, family influences young consumers cognitive and evaluation of product and brand choices (Margaret Hogg, Margaret Bruce, and Alexander Hill, 1998).

Australian Climate Change in the Last 50,000 years Essay -- Climate We

Who were the first settlers of Australia and when did they arrive? Both questions have yet to be answered definitively. The most common view is that the Aborigenes’ ancestors came from southeast Asia more than 50,000 years ago (50,000 BP). That date is based on a few sites in northern Australia where thermoluminescence-dating—a technique for determining the time at which material was formed by measuring the light energy released when heating it—was used. Because a comparatively greater number of sites have been radiocarbon-dated to around 40,000 BP, ho we ver, some researchers have come to doubt the accuracy of the thermoluminescence technique (indeed, thermoluminescence dating of the Jinmium site in the Northern Territory improbably suggested human settlement as early as 120,000 BP). Given the dating-tools currently at the disposal of the natural sciences, the saftest bet is to infer that the first human population likely arrived in Australia somewhere bet we en 40,000 and 50,000 yeas ago (www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Australia). One point on which there is no disagreement is that the first settlers most likely arrived during the earth’s last glacial period when cooler temperatures and increased glaciation lent to oceanic recession. Because the lo we red sea level effectively â€Å"created great stretches of dry land almost linking Australia to Asia †, it facilitated the migration of peoples to the Australian continent (Lamb, 112). Admittedly, there do seem â€Å"to have remained some open water straits which the people somehow managed to cross†, but the majority most likely traveled by land (112). One stretch of level terrain, for example, actually joined Australia with New Guinea and enabled humans to walk into Australia for thousands of... ...adal time scales. Its ecosystems â€Å"contain a large proportion of endemic (solely Australian) species, reflecting their long evolutionary history and isolation from other landmasses†Ã¢â‚¬â€except during the last glacial period (www.greenhouse.gov.au/science/guide/pubs/chapter1.pdf). While its population of 20 million is still concentrated on the continent’s coast, this is a different coastline than that on which early settlers made homes for themselves 40,000 years ago; moreover, since the period of British colonization, it is a different population too. Bibliography Lamb, H.H. Climate, History, and the Modern World. 2 nd ed. New York: Routeledge, 1995. www.greenhouse.gov.au/science/guide/pubs/chapter1.pdf www.rsphysee.anu.edu.au/nuclear/news_events/mediarelease1.pdf www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Australia www.wrc.wa.gov.au/srt/publications/landscape/resource/climate.html

History Gcse Jarrow March Essay 2012

Jarrow March Essay 2012 ‘The Jarrow March was a failure and didn’t achieve anything’ In this essay, I am going to review the statement made and decide whether the sources given support or do not support the theory. This view is suggesting that the Jarrow March of October 1936 was a complete failure and did not achieve its goal of making the prime minister at the time, Stanley Baldwin, and the rest of the government help Jarrow in its unemployment crisis of the time. Jarrow, a town in Tyneside, Newcastle, was one of the most affected places in the Great Depression of the 20th century. 4% of the people that lived there were unemployed by 1935. Mainly because their main means of work, the shipyards, had all been shut down. The 207 marchers travelled from their beloved town of Jarrow to the Palace of Westminster in London, a distance of almost 300 miles (480  km). Their MP, Ellen Wilkinson walked with them. When the marchers completed their march, very little was do ne for them. The town's shipbuilding industry remained closed, with the marchers given money for the train fare back to Jarrow. I am going to asses each source for reliability, sufficiency and its nature, origin and purpose.Some views may agree with this title statement made because it did not achieve its goal, it didn’t not budge parliament at all, with the prime minister saying that if he gave priority to one march, which would be favouritism and it would provoke more marches. I know this from my own contextual knowledge. Sources A and B do agree in some sense. Source A is a poster made by the labour party in 1951 just before the election. It is suggesting that if u didn’t vote for labour, that unemployment would spark up again. It also says on the top: ‘remember? This is asking voters if they remember the Jarrow Crusade, and if they don’t want a life like that again, then they should vote for labour. This source may not be reliable because it may not su pport the whole labour party view, and I may be fabricated to get more votes. They have made this poster to persuade. This agrees with the statement because it implies that the Jarrow crusade was a bad thing, and that they don’t want it to happen again. Source B does have some agreement with A, but it does disagree as well. It is a statement from a marcher, reported in the Sun newspaper from the 31st of October 1936.He says: â€Å"The first morning is what I’m afraid of. It’ll be getting up and looking out of the window at the same old sight – Jarrow, knowing there’s nothing, nothing to do. My feet hurt terribly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I know this report is reliable from my own contextual knowledge that he was right. Nothing did happen after; he would have seen the same old Jarrow. This does agree with the statement because he said that nothing would happen after, implying that the march was a complete failure. Source B does slightly agree with source A, bu t Source A does strongly agree with source C, D, E and F.They all disagree with the statement made. Let’s start with why source A might agree with the others. Source A was made in 1951, 15 years after the march itself. Suggesting that the march must be significant because it still was remembered and it had a legacy. I have assessed reliability of A, so let’s move on. Source C is the next one. It is an extract from a debate about unemployment in Jarrow and the North East in 1986. The speaker was Don Dixon, MP for Jarrow. It again, disagrees with the hypothesis. This is because this was 50 years later, and the government are still talking about the march.This suggests a very big impact and legacy from the march. I think this source is quite reliable. This is because you are not allowed to lie at all in the House of Commons and it states the facts, which are true, as supported by my own previous contextual knowledge. However he may have lied to exaggerate the need for mon ey and employment in Jarrow, and he is one sided because he was an eye witness and he lived through the worst of the Great Depression at the age of 7. He may exaggerate the state of Jarrow because he is a Labour MP.So he wants to get votes from the public, and he says if he can change Jarrow, one of the worst hit, then he can change the rest of the UK. The purpose of this extract was to inform/persuade. They do agree with each other, because they are both trying to make it that Jarrow was worse than it was, and they both have the same views, being Labour. They may also slightly disagree because the labour party could put anything they wanted on their propaganda, but Don Dixon was in Parliament, where he had to say certain things at certain times and probably make a speech.Source D is an extract from a book written about the Great Depression and the Jarrow Crusade in 2005. It was written to inform. I think it is very reliable because the facts are all true; backed up by my contextual knowledge. This also disagrees with the hypothesis because has now been remembered in the next century, which really suggests how big and influential the aftermath of the Jarrow Crusade actually is. However they may have exaggerated to sell the book, or to gain good ratings. It does agree very much with C, because they both state the facts, but they also may disagree with each other because of the time difference.People in the future have different views to people back then. The next source is source E. This source is a cartoon about the lorry drivers’ slow drive from the north east to London to protest fuel cost rises in November 2000. This purpose may be to cause humour, or reminiscence. I think this may not be very reliable. It may have been fabricated and it has no information that can be judged on it. It is also very one sided in the fact that the Jarrow Crusade inspired fat lorry drivers to smoke, eat McDonalds and protest, respectively.It does not similar to any sourc e, and is very different to all of them. However, it does slightly disagree with the hypothesis because it suggests that it is still remembered in the next century. Source F is last. It is a small paragraph about the Jarrow Crusade written by a modern historian in 2012. It has no reason to lie or fabricate, so therefore I think it is very reliable, because all the facts are right and accurate. (Due to contextual knowledge) It quite similar to source C and D, because they are all filled with plain, accurate facts.But C is slightly different, again, because of the reasons to fabricate. Overall, I think most of the sources do not back up the hypothesis, because of their reliability and context. My personal view is that the hypothesis may be true in the short term for Jarrow but it affected the whole world in the long run, inspiring people to stand up to what they believe in, and it still fondly remembered even now. Otherwise it still wouldn’t be taught to our class now in Octobe r 2012. Thank you for reading. Shaun Perryman 10BHi. 1

Free Essays on My Teaching Philosophy

, teachers should know what they are do... Free Essays on My Teaching Philosophy Free Essays on My Teaching Philosophy MY TEACHING PHILOSOPHY I believe that a teaching is a life-long commitment to the personal, emotional, and academic needs of students. Teachers must be dedicated and love their work - don’t look at it as a job. As a teenager, I often volunteered to baby-sit because I enjoyed taking care of children. As an adult, I am pursing a teaching career because I want to make a difference in the success of today’s children. To be an effective teacher, I believe that one must be enthusiastic, confident, honest, and holistic. I believe that teaching is an active profession; a teacher must convey energy to the students through spontaneous enthusiastic activity. If the teacher is happy, the children are happy. Conversely, if the teacher is not happy, negative things can happen. The mission of all teachers should center on fostering happy, well-adjusted children who will grow up to by happy, well-adjusted adults. Enthusiasm, energy, and happiness contribute to creating a positive environment, one in which children’s basic needs are met. A positive environment leads to greater curiosity, greater production, and higher levels of thinking. Teachers should be confident enough to listen and respond professionally to questions and challenges from both parents and other members of faculty and administration. If a teacher can confidently carry on a two-way conversation, they will model the same in the classroom. Confidence is achieved from a high degree of competency in the knowledge of human growth, development, and learning. Teachers should be able to apply methods and strategies for dealing with children in all ways, not just academically. Professional journals and books should be read consistently so that they can understand, use, and talk about current knowledge and practice. Teaching is also a research-based profession; teachers should teach from a reputable base of qualified research. In others words, teachers should know what they are do...

Shakespeares Comedy Vs. Tragedy Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Shakespeares Comedy Vs. Tragedy Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Shakespeare's Comedy vs. Tragedy Certain parallels can be drawn between William Shakespeare's plays, "A Midsummer Night's Dream", and "Romeo and Juliet". These parallels concern themes and prototypical Shakespearian character types. Both plays have a distinct pair of ?lovers', Hermia and Lysander, and Romeo and Juliet, respectively. Both plays could have also easily been tragedy or comedy with a few simple changes. A tragic play is a play in which one or more characters is has a moral flaw that leads to his/her downfall. A comedic play has at least one humorous character, and a successful or happy ending. Comparing these two plays is useful to find how Shakespeare uses similar character types in a variety of plays, and the versatility of the themes which he uses. In "Romeo and Juliet", Juliet is young, "not yet fourteen", and she is beautiful, and Romeo's reaction after he sees her is, "O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night As a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear Beauty to rich for use, for the earth too dear!" Juliet is also prudent, "Although I joy in thee, I have no joy in this contract tonight. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden." She feels that because they have just met, they should abstain from sexual intercourse. Hermia is also young, and prudent. When Lysander suggests that "One turf shall serve as a pillow for both of us, One heart, one bed, two bosoms, and one troth," Hermia replies "Nay, good Lysander. For my sake, my dear, Lie further off yet; do not lie so near." Although this couple has known each other for a while (Romeo and Juliet knew each other for one night when the above quote was spoken), Hermia also abstains from even sleeping near Lysander even though she believes he does not have impure intentions. Romeo's and Juliet's families are feuding. Because of these feuds, their own parents will not allow the lovers to see each other. In the a differnet way Hermia is not allowed to marry Lysander. Hermia's father Egeus says to Theseus, Duke of Athens, "Full of vexation come I, with complaint Against my child, my daughter Hermia. Stand fourth, Demetrius. My noble lord, This man hath my consent to marry her. Stand forth, Lysander. And, my gracious Duke, This man hath bewitched the bosom of my child." Egeus tells the Duke that his daughter can marry Demetrius, not Lysander. Hermia replies ". . . If I refuse to wed Demetrius," Egeus replies "Either to die the death, or to abjure for ever the society of men." If Hermia does go against her father's wishes, and weds Lysander, she will either be put to death, or be forced to become a nun. Both pairs of lovers also seek help from another. Juliet and Romeo seek Friar Lawrence, and Lysander and Hermia seek Lysander's aunt, who lives in the woods near Athens. Both sets of youths have the same character type. They are young, their love is prohibited, both women are prudent, and both seek the help of an adult. Yet they have their subtle differences. For example, Lysander, never mentioned a love before Hermia. Romeo loved Rosaline, before he loved Juliet. Hermia's family and Lysander's family were not feuding, whereas the Montagues' and Capulets' feude was central to the plot of the play. The stories of "Romeo and Juliet" and "A Midsummer Night's Dream" are very different however. "A Midsummer Night's Dream" is a comedy. Oberon, king of the fairies, sends a mischievous imp named, Puck, to play a trick on the queen of the fairies, Titania, and on a pair of Athenian youth. Puck turns Nick Bottom's head into that of an ass (Nick Bottom is the man in the play production within "A Midsummer Night's Dream"; he tried to play every part), and places an herb on Titania that causes her to fall in love with him. This is quite humorous. However, at the end of the play all the couples are back together, with the ones they love. Thus Lysander and Hermia do get married. If Egeus had showed up at the wedding, he could have killed

Identify and Explain foreign subsidiary transactions and how Essay

Identify and Explain foreign subsidiary transactions and how determination of functional currency affects group profit for Qantas - Essay Example 2) Maintenance and overhauling cost of each subsidiary is shown in their financial statement as opposed to financial statement of parents. Each subsidiary is likely to incur this cost based on their need for maintenance. This is also based on the underlying principle of matching concept whereby each subsidiary (JETSAR) recognizes the revenue it earns from freight and air passengers it is necessary to match the maintenance cost incurred against the revenue earned. Qantas Ltd cannot undertake the transaction as this would result in bearing expenses for revenue that has not been earned by the parent company. 3) External segment tours and travel revenue of Jetstar would be recorded in the subsidiaries books of account (Qantas, 2010). This is the revenue that does not contain any inter group transaction (that are automatically eliminated in the consolidated statements) but rather pertains to sales made to external customers (Hodge, 2009). This segment is not targeted by Qantas Limited and revenue arises as a result of operations conducted by Jetstar Pacific. The business reason for this transaction not being undertaken by Qantas Ltd is that Jetstar is essentially targeting its flight at different routes in order to maximize cost saving for the entire group such as undertaking the route to New Zealand. The revenue principally arises as a result of operations undertaken by Jetstar and thus are recorded in subsidiaries books. The functional currency is defined as the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (Hodge, 2009). If the functional currency of the subsidiary of Qantas Limited is Australian dollar (AUD) then the subsidiaries financial statements would involve the statement of Assets and liabilities, revenue and income in the Australian dollar only. If the subsidiary has a functional currency other than the Australian dollar for example the American dollar

Continuing Professional Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Continuing Professional Development - Assignment Example The aim of this paper is to analyze the importance of CPD for individuals and organizations in the hospitality industry. The main theory surrounding CPD is Boyatzis’s Theory of Self-directed Learning. The theory works on a model where learning is based on a self-directed self-analysis. This includes analysis of the ideal oneself and actual oneself then assessing gaps. The person then looks at their strengths and sets out on a learning agenda aimed at building on the strengths while minimizing the gaps. Finally, the person experiments and practices with the new knowledge, skills and behavior. Trusting relationships that encourage and support each step should be developed (Boyatzis 1999). Core concepts of CPD There are some concepts that mark out CPD from other types of professional development and training. First is that in CPD, the learner is in control hence CPD finds its starting point from the learner’s dreams. Handy (1997), states that these dreams can also be equat ed to thirst. First, the professional becomes thirst for new skills, knowledge and experiences and the role of CPD is to respond to the type and extend of the thirst presented. Secondly, CPD is a holistic process capable of addressing every aspect of life as well as the balance between these aspects. This means that one aspect of a learner’s life for example, their work, family, or social life does not have to suffer much during the process of CPD. Therefore, we can say that the process is integrative to every aspect of the learner’s life (Daniel 2002). Thirdly, the learning and working in CPD is power and direction oriented hence the achievement of its purposes and objectives are easy. This is because CPD involves regularly reflecting how we are, looking ahead to where we want to be then taking a step from our current position towards the desired future position. Lastly, someone can benefit from CPD with or without the support of the employer. This is to say that it w orks for those employees who have financial backing and total support from their employers and as well as for those whose employers are hostile (Daniel 2002). The need and relevance for CPD From its definition, the need for CPD is hinged on the necessity for professionals to broaden, improve and maintain their specific professional skills and knowledge they have already acquired. The core reason for this is that security for professionals no longer lies in the organisation they work for or the job they do but on the knowledge, skills and experience they posses within themselves (Brett and VandeWalle 1999). There is also a need for professionals to acquire some special qualities that are needed for them to perform well in their profession. CPD is very relevant to professionals and their organisations as well. For example, it enables professionals to be updated in terms of their professional skills and knowledge and this puts them at a good position of working under the latest relevan t information. Constant updating and enhancement of skills enables an individual to improve in terms of their professional competency. Because CPD is continuous, the improvement in professional competency for the individuals also becomes continuous throughout their professional lives (Cooperrider 1990). Benefits of CPD for individuals and organisations According to Schon (1983), CPD makes professionals to be committed to their professionalism. This is because it entails a continuous process of